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welcome to this edition of space works

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I'm Lynn Bondurant during this show

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we'll see pictures not only relating to

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space but aeronautics stories include

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dedication of the world's biggest wind

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tunnels and how students use school

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buses to simulate space shuttle missions

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but first let's see computer animation

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from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

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in California which shows a distant moon

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call Miranda that circles the planet

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you

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since the days of the Wright brother's

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airplane designers have been using wind

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tunnels to check the effect of wind

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pressures on the airplane models placed

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in the tunnels for our next story we're

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going to the NASA Ames Research Center

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near in San Francisco where the world's

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biggest wind tunnels were dedicated in

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December 1987 modification of the

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world's largest closed-circuit wind

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tunnel the Ames 40 by 80-foot began in

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nineteen eighty the tunnel had been used

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for decades before then to test

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full-scale aircraft but engineers wanted

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although an accident in 1982 caused

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damage which delayed the project the

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goal of making a new test section more

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than two times as big as the old one was

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accomplished and the old 40 by an 80

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foot section though smaller and his

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speed increase from 230 to 345 miles per

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hour now let's see a videotape prepared

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for the December 1987 dedication which

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gives us more detail including wind

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tunnel link up to computers at Ames

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Research Center the world's most

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powerful super computing capability is

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teamed with state-of-the-art min tunnels

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to form the first steps along the

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critical path from computation to flight

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the national full-scale aerodynamics

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complex at the Ames Research Center in

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California is the world's largest wind

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tunnel this unique facility provides the

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United States with the capability of

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performing ground-based aerodynamic

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experiments on large scale and full

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scale aerospace vehicles and components

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low speed aerodynamic research is

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conducted in related fundamental flow

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phenomenon research activities include

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investigations of the aerodynamic

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performance and control required for

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efficient takeoff climb and landing for

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all classes of aircraft and the acoustic

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implications related to these flight

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phases this extraordinary complex

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includes the 40 by 80-foot wind tunnel

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the new 80 x 120 wind tunnel and the

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outdoor aerodynamic research facility

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this complex is the crown jewel of an

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elaborate system of wind tunnels at Ames

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the impact is committed to contributing

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to United States aerospace leadership

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and to developing technology to keep us

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commercial aircraft in a strong

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world-class position even by the

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mid-1930s the wind tunnels of the

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national advisory committee for

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aeronautics NACA had helped transform

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the wire and rag biplanes of World War

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one into metal low-wing monoplane

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accelerated wartime research in Europe

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spurred NACA to initiate the

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construction of a whole new aeronautical

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laboratory out west in mountain view

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california on December twentieth

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nineteen thirty-nine NACA broke ground

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on their new laboratory facilities 40

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miles south of San Francisco at Moffett

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Field which is now the ames research

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center of nasa the overriding military

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need of the moment was the testing of

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new aircraft designs at moderate speeds

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in 1941 the mammoth construction task of

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this wind tunnel

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began at Ames and two and a half years

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later in june nineteen forty four the

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full-scale wind tunnel went into

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operation this 40-foot by 80-foot low

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speed wind tunnel was an invaluable

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addition to NAC a's array of tunnels

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since it was big enough to handle all

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but the largest bombers and transports

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with their engines operating the

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full-scale tests in the 40 x 80 foot

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tunnel led to research results that in

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time actually made great improvements in

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aircraft design and operations in the

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early years NACA wind tunnel tests

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provided the Douglas X sbd to dive

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bomber with a modified wing flap system

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that lowered landing speeds from 90 to

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84 miles per hour this small game

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allowed the use of better

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high-performance fighters on our Navy's

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carriers thus saving lives and aircraft

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in the 50s and 60s the 40 x 80 wind

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tunnel contributed significantly to the

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development of jet aircraft control

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systems and stability the 40 x 80 foot

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wind tunnel covered eight acres of land

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the air circuit was just over a half

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mile long and was operated by six forty

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foot diameter fans each powered by a

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6,000 horsepower electric motor which

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could maintain airflow at speeds up to

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230 miles per hour over the years this

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tunnel became the primary facility in

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the country for investigating the flying

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characteristics of large scale and full

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scale aircraft and components with the

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advent of the jet age the tunnel was

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used to explore the landing and takeoff

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characteristics of the new aircraft

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these two critical periods of flight are

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extremely sensitive in terms of lift

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drag and stability in more recent years

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NASA became the focal point for

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extensive research unpowered lift

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aircraft rotorcraft and other vertical

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takeoff and landing aircraft in the case

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of the VTOL aircraft

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tunnel tests explored the critical

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flight regime where the vehicle makes

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the transition from Howard lift at low

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forward speeds to wing born left at

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higher speeds the 40 by 80 also aided in

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the study of structural dynamics of

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advanced helicopter rotors and new VTOL

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aircraft in many cases these studies led

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to successful modifications for their

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future design and flight the 40 by 80

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was so successful in testing full scale

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aircraft that 35 years after its initial

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start up the tunnel power was increased

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to 130 5,000 horsepower modifications

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were begun to incorporate a new leg of

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the tunnel with an 80 x 120 foot section

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where even large conventional aircraft

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rotorcraft and VTOL stl aircraft could

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be accommodated modifications of an

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existing structure can frequently be

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more challenging than building a new one

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the central area of concern in this

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instance was replacing the original six

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6,000 horsepower drive motors with an

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enlarged horse power capacity system all

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within the original space by using

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synchronous motors with controllable

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pitch fans at variable frequency speed

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controls the new drive system was fitted

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into the existing motor support

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structure the new fans design was more

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efficient and took advantage of the

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latest acoustic technology for reduction

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of noise during tunnel testing thus the

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new 80 x 120 wind tunnel was born there

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by tripling the test section area of the

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original 40 by 80 foot tunnel in 1958

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NACA was reorganized by an act of

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Congress and became known as the

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National Aeronautics and Space

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Administration during the 60s

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aeronautical research prospered as never

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before although NASA is widely known for

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its focus on manned and unmanned

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spacecraft the agency has continued to

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contribute giant strides to aircraft

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technology us subsonic jets captured the

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world commercial market and became

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indispensable to intercontinental travel

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as a result of the research at NASA

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mints in the variable sweep wing and the

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improved air foils were invaluable to

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more efficient flight in the atmosphere

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besides these aerospace contributions

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NASA's research has provided

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advancements in aircraft efficiency and

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safety which have resulted in millions

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of dollars in savings to the nation in

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the later 60s supersonic transports and

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fighters were on the drawing board and

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there were a great number of assignments

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for the wind tunnels in support of space

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flight the NASA wind tunnel was able to

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answer those unexpected questions that

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always arise when testing radically new

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designs this pushed the capabilities of

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NASA's wind tunnel facilities and staff

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and prove the value of wind tunnels for

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high priority programs the Ames wind

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tunnels played an important part in the

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design and development of the space

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shuttle the shuttle being a hybrid

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spacecraft aircraft of unusual shape

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operates under extreme flight conditions

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and the wind tunnels were needed to test

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the complex flow conditions encountered

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from launch to orbit to landing even

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though these craft operate at high

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speeds they all go through the critical

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low-speed takeoff and landing conditions

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that can be so uniquely tested in the in

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fact for such reasons the Space Shuttle

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was one of the biggest challenges for

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the whole Ames wind tunnel complex the

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wind tunnel work paid off and the

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unpowered landing tests confirmed the

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tunnel test results NASA's contribution

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to swept-wing technology aided in the

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design of a diverse range of swept-wing

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aircraft the wind tunnels for much of

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the testing load for the supersonic

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transport in the areas of takeoff and

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landing transonic acceleration stability

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and control and Inlet performance in

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order to continue the research success

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of the 40 by 80-foot wind tunnel a major

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modification to it and construction of

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the new 80 x 120 foot open circuit leg

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was undertaken this resulted in an

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increase of speed to 350 miles per hour

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in the 40 x 80 foot test section which

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is an important increase in research

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capability because of its size and the

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speed of 115 miles per hour in the 80 x

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120 it will be possible to investigate

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polski

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rotor systems and the stall aircraft at

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very low forward flight speeds in a

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ground-based facility with minimal wind

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tunnel wall effects its size even

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permits the evaluation of actual

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aircraft as large as a Boeing 737 jet

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transport in addition to the tunnels the

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outdoor aerodynamic research facility is

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used to check out and test aircraft and

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models in a static environment before

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they are installed in the in fact wind

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tunnels the facility is an open-air test

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area designed to test models and

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instrumentation and collect baseline

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data this facility includes a model

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mounting pad control room and other

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support equipment for remote model or

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aircraft operations the Ames 40 x 80

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foot wind tunnel has seen over 550 tests

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and hundreds of different aircraft and

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models in its Test section of virtually

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every major airframe design all three

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areas of the aerodynamics complex have

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been updated and equipped for the future

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research that will bring us all into a

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new technological age the combination of

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dedicated people and machines working

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together from computation to flight

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since the Wright brothers and their

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successors will continue on into the

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Space Age undoubtedly aerospace vehicles

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not even yet conceived will fly in this

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NASA wind tunnel before they embark on

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their future Aviation destinies in our

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atmosphere or perhaps to the planets

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beyond the in fact wind tunnels have

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carried the burden of technical advances

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in aeronautics as well as in space the

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years of technical successes result from

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a truly innovative direction spearheaded

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by an extremely technically competent

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staff which continues to have the

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expertise in design excellence and

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extreme research versatility several

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hundred people technicians engineers

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designers model fabricators mechanics

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and their support personnel are required

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to run wind tunnel tests this carefully

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assembled team knows how to use the

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capabilities of the wind tunnel and use

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it wisely our world is shrinking and the

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technological advances inspired by our

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research here at the National

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full scale aerodynamics complex will

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promote safer faster and more efficient

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means of travel and thereby build closer

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communications contribute to

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international understanding and perhaps

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world peace through technological

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advances from the biplanes of World War

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1 and pioneering rocket free aerospace

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technology has progressed to supersonic

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transports spanning the globe space

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probes to the planets and manned

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landings on the moon winged aerospace

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vehicles may someday routinely return

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from orbit to a precision landing here

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on earth because of this our facilities

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and the dedication of our staff promised

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a future generation of flight that truly

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challenges the imagination now let's go

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back to nineteen seventy nine to see

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aircraft spin tests at NASA's Wallops

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Flight Facility in Virginia for men like

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wanly Bill Mims and the rest of the

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ground crew it's a job they've done many

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times in the past even so it's a job

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they don't rush to finish above all what

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they do is thorough the data that will

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be gathered in today's test flight and

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safety of the man who will fly the plane

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are dependent on how well they prepare

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the plane and its instrumentation before

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flight the place is NASA's Wallops

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Island Virginia blame the ground crew

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has been working on since 530am is a

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typical general aviation wide aircraft

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and this is the man who will fly it 50

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year old engineering research pilot Jim

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when Jim Patton takes the plane up for a

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spin that's exactly what he'll be doing

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making the plane spin on purpose the

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research is being done because about

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thirty percent of all general aviation

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fatalities can be traced to stall spin

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repeatedly patent noses the aircraft

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skyward till the small plane stalls it

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for this mistake very steep five

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that's stable seven recovering units

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responding slowly a typical slight lasts

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about an hour and a half occasionally

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when he can't recover from a spins a

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parachute mounted in the tail is prompt

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to stabilize the spinning plane much of

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the data that may one day help

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researchers find better ways to design

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stall proof aircraft returns to this

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telemetry station on the ground here

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Paul style and his team of engineers

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monitor and record results of the day's

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spins research pilot Jim patent pointed

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out some of the many modifications that

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have been tested on the plane this half

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to use live straight the so-called soda

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straws under the edges of the fuselage

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and the fairing back here which acts as

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a ventral we're all sized and located on

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the airplane in the spin tunnel on

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models

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we investigate these singly and in

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the full-scale testing is only one part

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of the overall effort at the Langley

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Research Center engineers test models in

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a spin tunnel and several other

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on an unused runway in West Point

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Virginia south of Richmond another group

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of Langley engineers and technicians fly

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radio-controlled models of the same

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general aviation plane results of these

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tests are correlated with results from

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both the spin tunnel studies and the

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full-scale flight tests

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stall spin research an intensive program

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aimed at improving stall and spin

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characteristics of both presently flying

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aircraft and four planes designed in the

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future our final story comes from here

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at the NASA Lewis Research Center in

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Cleveland in April 1987 our educational

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services office worked with some of the

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Cleveland area schools to create a

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special education event a simulated

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shuttle mission school children pretend

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they are instruments the youngsters

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learned through their play during

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simulated space shuttle missions nine

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elementary and two high schools are

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involved in the Space Shuttle simulation

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on april eighth 1987 besides science and

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math student use art music dance and

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many other subject areas to carry out

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more than 5,000 students participate

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during the project students are many

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students are preparing for early morning

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students suit up for lunch

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experiments in cargo are loaded

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volunteers helped to convert ordinary

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students train for upcoming missions

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it's april eight 1987 in cleveland

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launched in a day when nasa Lewis

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research center is part of a simulated

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shuttle program with the nine area

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the students design uniforms and crew

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patches study launch and landing 15 and

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plan experiments now we're going to see

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another experiment by John Roman John

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what's the problem of this experiment

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well the movement of the shuttle affect

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the absorbent rate of colored water and

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what's the hypothesis I think the color

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of the water is the color that salary

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will turn what equipment or materials

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are you using drinking glass water

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celery stock red food coloring in

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o'clock they establish mission control

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rooms of their space centers and prepare

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flight plans further eventual trip

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through the galaxy where they are to

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land and explore alien planets the

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astronauts use onboard computers and

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two-way radios to communicate with other

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the night before liftoff each crew

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enjoys a sleepover and a pre-flight

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breakfast is prepared to and then last

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all six five four three two one liftoff

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during their travels there is a

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rendezvous at the NASA Lewis research

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center but point the alien with one

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you

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that's it for this edition of space

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works this is lynn Bondurant saying

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goodbye from the NASA Lewis Research